MMaxi

Francis Picabia
Conversation I, 1922

Man Ray
Marquise Casati 1922

Duchamp, Man Ray, Picabia
21 February – 26 May 2008



Duchamp set himself the challenge of making art works

that were not works of art, as traditionally understood.



He decided that an art work did not need to be either

visually appealing or even made by the artist. Accordingly,

he chose a number of ‘readymade’ objects, of no

aesthetic merit, and gave them the usual attributes of a

work of art: a title, a named author, a date of execution,

and a viewing public or owner. His Fountain – an ordinary

urinal laid on its back – was rejected from an exhibition

in 1917. This, and more importantly, the ensuing debate

about what constitutes a work of art, is now seen as

a turning point in the history of modernism.



Rather than readymades, Man Ray produced what he called

‘objects of my affection’: two or more elements combined

to create a new work. He also used his camera to record

transient or ephemeral items that caught his eye. Here it

was the photograph that was the work of art, rather than

the object itself.

Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray and Francis Picabia were at the cutting edge of art in the first half of the twentieth century, and made a lasting impression on modern and contemporary art. Duchamp invented the concept of the ‘readymade’: presenting an everyday object as an artwork, Man Ray pioneered avant-garde photographic and film techniques and Picabia’s use of kitsch, popular or low-brow imagery in his paintings undermined artistic conventions.



Their shared outlook on life and art, with a taste for jokes, irony and the erotic, forged a friendship that provided support and inspiration. At the heart of the Dada movement and moving in the same artistic circles, they discussed ideas and collaborated, echoing and responding to each other’s works. Duchamp, Man Ray, Picabia explores their affinities and parallels, uncovering a shared approach to questioning the nature of art.

Wilhelmina of Prussia

Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia (1751-1820) was the wife of Stadholder William V. They were married in 1767 when Wilhelmina was sixteen and William nineteen. This portrait was painted twenty-two years later, in 1789 as a present to William V from their two oldest children, Louise and William Frederick. It is an unusual portrait in that the princess is not riding side-saddle (with both legs on one side of the horse), the usual pose for a woman. She is sitting astride the horse as a man would have done. The tower in the background is Jacob's church in The Hague.

Title Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina of Prussia (1751-1820). Equestrian portrait of the wife of Prince Willia
Year 1789
Artist Tethart Philipp Christian Haag
Technique Oil on canvas
Dimensions 86 x 69 cm